Hyperpigmentation
Treatment
Hyperpigmentation refers to the darkening of an area of skin or nails, caused by an overproduction of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. It is a common cosmetic concern and can affect people of all skin tones, though it is often more noticeable and persistent in darker skin types.
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HYPERPIGMENTATION
Hyperpigmentation refers to the darkening of an area of skin or nails, caused by an overproduction of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. It is a common cosmetic concern and can affect people of all skin tones, though it is often more noticeable and persistent in darker skin types.
Causes of Hyperpigmentation
The primary trigger for melanin overproduction is inflammation or damage to the skin cells (melanocytes). Key causes include:
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Sun Exposure: This is the most common cause. UV light stimulates melanocytes to produce excess melanin to protect the skin from damage.
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Hormonal Changes (Melasma): Fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone, often related to pregnancy (sometimes called the "mask of pregnancy") or oral contraceptives, can trigger pigmentation.
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Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH): This occurs after the skin has experienced trauma or inflammation. Common causes include acne, eczema, burns, cuts, or aggressive aesthetic procedures (e.g., strong chemical peels).
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Medication Side Effects: Certain drugs, like some antibiotics, anti-malarials, and chemotherapy drugs, can cause pigmentation changes.
Types of Hyperpigmentation
Understanding the type of pigmentation helps determine the most effective treatment:
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Melasma: Characterized by symmetrical, large patches of brown or grayish-brown discoloration, most commonly on the face (cheeks, forehead, bridge of the nose, upper lip). It is deeply rooted in hormonal changes and UV exposure.
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Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH): Appears as darkened spots where acne, wounds, or inflammation occurred. PIH can be red/purple (Post-Inflammatory Erythema or PIE) or brown/black.
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Sun Spots (Lentigines): Also known as age spots or liver spots. These are small, dark, well-defined spots that appear on areas most exposed to the sun, such as the face and hands.
Management and Treatment
Effective treatment usually involves a combination of topical products, in-clinic procedures, and stringent sun protection.
